Identifying Stakeholders and Developing Charter Essay

Identifying Stakeholders and Developing Charter - Essay Example This essay stresses that organizational structure has a very deep impact on the project management and PM decision making process this also includes the company’s size and its business requirements. The organization functioning horizontally or vertically the organizational structure is used to uphold and mange the resources, time line, expenditure, and quality/performance. Three organizational structures are utilized by the by the PM are functional, matrix, and projectized. the PM process impacted though the company’s culture. The corporate culture defines the character of the organization. If we analyze the company’s culture then we will able to find out that it includes of the norms, assumptions, values and concrete signs of business members and their behaviors. The company’s culture determines a company’s managerial actions, performance, image, and policies, also having impact on the operational programs of the PM practice. In this report the author has discussed the main stakeholders of this project. He has utilized different project stakeholder identification and classification techniques of this project. He has also mentioned the criteria for the call of meeting for this project. During the analysis He has found different potential conflict that the author of the report has mentioned in the last section. He has tried to address each aspect of the under-discussion factor, so that we can have a better and clear view of the overall project.

Fertile Crescent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fertile Crescent - Essay Example The physical location of Garden of Eden is traditionally associated with the Fertile Crescent. Due to its fertility people settled around the area and as people settle, they were forced to engage in different activities to make their life comfortable. The Fertile Crescent is considered as the birthplace of urbanization, trade, science, writing, agriculture and organized religion. It was first populated c.10,000BCE when the domestication of animal and agriculture began in the region. By 9,000 BCE, the cultivation of cereals and wild grains was widespread, and irrigation of crops was fully developed by 5,000BCE. The farming of wool-bearing sheep was practiced widely around 4,500BCE. Cities began to rise Eridu being the first according to Sumerians in 5,400 BCE, and then Uruk and the others followed. These cities started to increase around 4,500 BCE and cultivation of wheat and grain was practiced in addition to the further domestication of animals. Image of the variety of dog known as the Saluki regularly appeared on vases and other ceramics as well as wall paintings by the year 3,500 BCE. Due to the fertility of the soil, people were encouraged for further cultivation of barley.Some of the first beer in the world was brewed in the great cities of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Ancient evidence of beer brewing comes from the Sumerian Godin Tepe settlement in modern-day Iran. From 3,400BC, the priests were in charge of the distribution of food and the careful monitoring of surplus for trade.

Meaning of Life and Success Essay Example for Free

Meaning of Life and Success Essay Success is a person or thing that desired aims and achieves or attains fame or any form of accomplishment which will always make them proud or happy at the end of either the day, month or year. The word success was originated in the mid-16th century from a Latin word successus and a verb succedere meaning come close after. When I hear of the word success there are two things that come in mind, hard work and determination. Hard work is one of the main and most important building blocks in my success foundation. Working hard is one of the best and most accurate ways to think about being successful. Success cannot be earned unless you strive and work hard for it, because it is a word that comes with work and if work is not done then the meaning of the word can’t be accomplished. Like Einstein said â€Å"If A is a success in life then A equals x plus y plus z. work is x; y is play and z is keeping your mouth shut† for instance to me as an athlete working hard and in playing hard rather than running my mouth are the best way of being successful in game point stands in my career. Determination is a very critical and important aspect when it comes to success. To be determined to achieve any goals or aims is a very important choice of being successful. Bertrand 2 Determination can to be physically, spiritually and emotionally which all combines with hard work and if you combine both hard work and determination together you will always get a good result of success. Being successful in life can be one of the precious and happiest moments in life that can last for a long time if and only if you do what is expected of you to keep the success going on. Success can be advantageous in many ways; Accomplishing a goal, moving on to a new goal, brings happiness and fulfillment, set new and personal records, inspire, motivate and give you strengths to aim high and set bigger goals. But it’s not always everybody that’s successful that is happy or satisfied with their success. The isn’t that much difference being successful than being a failure, like the good old quote that say â€Å"the difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength not a lack of knowledge, but rather the a lack in will† this quote is very simple and well understood and the quote’s point is clearly pointed out, which state the main difference between a successful person and others which is the will to be the successful person that they are. To be successful person there should be some sought of guidelines to help you achieve or attain success. Thinking about success also brings about the thought or idea of failure â€Å"In order to success your desire for success should be greater rather than your fear of failure†. An important and inspiring quote as this from one of the favorite, idol and inspiring actor in the movie industry and in the society should and is been considered by a lot of fans to be very important in achieving success rather than having the fear of failure because his path of success has given or got him to where he is at the moment.

Functions Of Database Management System

Functions Of Database Management System Before we start with DBMS we should know what is data. A data is a piece of information, and database is the collection of data that is set in an orderly way. And managing this database is known as Database Management System in short DBMS. The person who manages, creates, controls and maintain this database management system is known as Database Administrator (DBA). Another important term to remember is information. Any data which has been converted to a useful and understandable form is called information. There are some differences between data and information. Data Information Any raw figure or fact is data. For example 6 is a data. A processed form of data is known as information. For example weight = 6 kg is data Data does not help in making decisions. With right information we can make decision. Functions of Database Management System Data Modeling: The structured definition of data storage is known as data modeling. Processing Query: This a mechanism of manipulating the data Concurrency Control: To ensure the accuracy and simultaneous access of the database by multiple users. Security of Information: Security of the database is very important. Crash Recovery: Data recovery after the system crashes. Types of Database users Database Administrator (DBA): The database administrator is the person who who maintains designs and creates the database. Database Designer: A database designer is a person who plans or designs the database. End User: The one who uses the database, it may be that he/she only views the database or it may be that he/she makes the data entries. Make queries, etc There may be different types of end user, for example: Sophisticated: these are the users who has a good knowledge in database and can make queries, with SQL manipulate data with DML (Data Manipulating Language) Specialized: who makes application programs that interacts with the database Native: only interacts with the database via some sophisticated programs Application Programmers: A person who makes applications which interacts with the database using programming language like C++ , Java, etc. He may create a software which gives a easy to use interface to input data into a complex database, so that even the clerks of the office can input data or search for some data from the companies database without knowing Oracle, MySQL or other DBMS software Database Model Database Model is the structure or the format of the data; it may be physical or conceptual. Database Model is also known as database schema. Conceptual Model: Conceptual Model helps to overview the organizational schema rather than the database schema. Physical Model: Physical Model is the database design which means that this model describes the data storage, data structure, etc. basically we get to know about the physical media of the data storage and the mode of access of that data from this model. Frame Memory Model: This type of model is generally used for large manufacturing database application. Modifying the characteristic of the complex database easily and accurately. Unifying Model: in the Unifying Model the Entity-Relation concept has been extended to introduce a new form of diagrammatic representation other than class diagrams. Object Oriented Model: A Object Oriented Model is a data model in which the real life data or entities are organized. Generally Object Oriented Data Model or OODM consists of the following concepts, they are as follows: Object and object identifier Attributes and methods Class Class hierarchy and inheritance Record Based Model: The Record Based Model helps us to specify the overall logical structure of the database. In this type of data bases the numbers of types of data are fixed. And each of the record type or data type has a fixed number of fields with fixed field length. There are three types of record based data model they are: Hierarchical Model: In a Hierarchical Model the data is organized in a form of tree like structure. In this kind of structure the parent à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ child relationship can easily be shown. A very famous use of this kind of database is the Windows Registry developed by Microsoft. 320px-Hierarchical_Model.jpg Network Model: This is a type of database model where it is easy to represent objects and relationship. Its more easier to define many to many relation in this model rather than in the hierarchical model. A well known implementation of Network Model is RDM Server. 320px-Network_Model.jpg Relational Model: The relational model was developed by E.F Codd. The properties of a relational database model are as follows: The columns of table are all homogenous i.e. they are of the same kind. Every item should have simple value. All the relationship of tuples must be distinct. The key value should be used to order the tuples within a relationship. Columns are named distinctly and their ordering is not so important. 280px-Relational_Model_2.jpg Manual Database. A Manual Database is a record kept by a human without the use of any computers or electronic devices. This obviously has many problems like: Searching: It is very difficult to find a particular result from a manual database if the size of the database is huge. Updating: Updating a new entry is also problematic as we have to manually find the old record, scratch it, or erase it then make the new entry. Backing up: Suppose there is a database of 10,000 pages making a manual backup of this database, i.e. a handwritten copy of it will be difficult to make. Sorting: It is virtually impossible to sort the data say names of customers by alphabetic order, etc on a manual database. As we see that making a manual database of a large amount of data becomes impossible to manage so now we use computerized data. Traditional File Processing System One of the earliest forms of computerizing data storage is the file processing system. Creating, sorting, organizing and accessing the content of the file is known as File Processing System. Characteristics of File Processing System. Each file is different from each other. This is a collection of files, or sorted data. Each of the file is called a flat file. Every file contains processed information of a specific function such as one file may be for accounting other file may be of contacts. Files are created by the help of program which are written in C, C++ or COBOL. Drawbacks of the File Processing System. There are many drawbacks of File Processing System. Separated Data Duplicated Data Data Dependency Data inflexibility Problems in representing the data to user. File format problems. Database: A database is a organized form of data. This organization is very important because when the size of data increases it becomes difficult to use or control the data. Database Management System: A DBMS or Database Management System is a collection of data and programs which help us to access and modify those data. The collection of data is called database. The main purpose of DBMS is to efficiently store and control the database. Advantages of DBMS Control Redundancy: With the help of DBMS data redundancy can be controlled. In the File Processing System there used to be data redundancy, which means that the same data stored more than once. Integrity: Maintaining Integrity means that the data stored in the database is accurate and precise. This is very much important as incorrect data can not be stored into the database so some integrity constraints are enabled on the database, to check the accuracy of the database. Avoiding inconsistency: Consider there are two data storage sites of data and some changes are made in one site but those changes are not reflected on the other site for some reasons then it gives rise to data inconsistency. To avoid this data redundancy should be removed if data redundancy is checked it will also remove data inconsistency. Data Sharing: Suppose a same data is required by two databases then that data can be shared from a centralized database. Maintaining standards: As we know that DBMS is a centralized system so it can be standardized effectively. A company database can be standardized in Department Level, National Level, International Level, etc. Preventing unauthorized access: Lots of security can be enabled to prevent the unauthorized access of the data. Passwords and encryptions are enabled in database to provide better security to companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s data. Backup and recovery of data: Data loss can happen at any moment due to number of reasons so it is very much important to create backup so that the data can be recovered if there is any accidental loss of data. Disadvantages of DBMS Complexity: The functionality of DBMS is a very complex process. The database designer, database administrator, developer and the end user should have a clear understanding of the DBMS working and functionality to make it work in a correct way. If they fail to do it DBMS will not work in a proper way. Size: As time passes the size or the volume of data increases which makes the size of database larger. Moving, copying and editing this large amount of data take a considerable time and system resource. Sometimes upgrading RAM or Disk Space becomes necessary to run the DBMS properly Performance: DBMS software tends to run slower than the typical File Processing System. Cost: Cost of implementing the DBMS is high. Sometimes the DBMS software for the specific environment is high, or the upgradeing of hardware to run it becomes costly or when converting from an older system to DBMS the process of conversion of the data costs a lot. Failure rate higher: As it is a centralized system I it fals every operation comes to a halt. Difference between File Management System and Database Management System File Management System Database Management System File management Systems are relatively small in size and volume Database Management Systems are comparatively larger in size. They are cheaper to implement Much costlier to implement It deals with few files It deals with a large number of files. The structure of this system is very simple The structure is very much complex in nature. There are many redundant data. Redundant data is very much reduced. Data inconsistency takes place in File Management System Data inconsistency is checked in the DBMS In File Management System data is isolated. In DBMS data can be shared. There is no security. It is secured. Very simple and primitive form of backup and recovery. Highly sophisticated and complex form of backup and recovery. Mainly single user. Most of the time its multiuser. Less preliminary design Vast preliminary design Purpose of DBMS Database Management System is very useful and is used in many sectors. Some the areas where it is used is given below. Railway: for making the railway enquiry and reservation system to work properly there is a needed of implementing DBMS as all the data has to be stored in a centralized location and the data is then used by every railway stations throughout the country. Banking: As now a days there are many branches of a bank there has to be a DBMS to track and record the transactions of every customers. This will have not been possible if File Management System were used. Schools/Colleges and Universities: To store the records of students like their name, roll number, address, contact number, marks obtained, etc a DBMS is used so that the database can be updated easily. Business and Offices: To store the companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s sales, profit , etc and its record of employees a sophisticated DBMS is used. Instances and Schemas The database changes from time to time, the information which is stored in the database at a particular time is known as Instance. A Schema is a overall design of the database . QUESTIONS What do you mean by DBMS? A DBMS or Database Management System is a collection of data and programs which help us to access and modify those data. The collection of data is called database. The main purpose of DBMS is to efficiently store and control the database. How does DBMS differs from MS Excel? What are the differences between data and information? What is the difference between Conceptual Model and Physical Model? Conceptual Model: Conceptual Model helps to overview the organizational schema rather than the database schema. Physical Model: Physical Model is the database design which means that this model describes the data storage, data structure, etc. basically we get to know about the physical media of the data storage and the mode of access of that data from this model. What are the difference between Traditional File Management System and Database Management System? Traditional File Management System Database Management System File management Systems are relatively small in size and volume Database Management Systems are comparatively larger in size. They are cheaper to implement Much costlier to implement It deals with few files It deals with a large number of files. The structure of this system is very simple The structure is very much complex in nature. There are many redundant data. Redundant data is very much reduced. Data inconsistency takes place in File Management System Data inconsistency is checked in the DBMS In File Management System data is isolated. In DBMS data can be shared. There is no security. It is secured. Very simple and primitive form of backup and recovery. Highly sophisticated and complex form of backup and recovery. Mainly single user. Most of the time its multiuser. Less preliminary design Vast preliminary design What do you mean by Data Duplicity? Data Duplicity means repetition of the same data more than once in the same database. Data Duplicity causes lot of problems like: It is waste of time and money. It leads to loss of data integrity. It takes up additional storage and increases the size of the database which effects the search time. What do you mean by Data Dependency? In a File Processing System the specific physical format of file and record were hard coded on the application programs. So a change in database format required the codes to be updated. What is data isolation? Data Isolation means a data which is isolated form other databases that means when data can not be shared. It is not possible to share data in a File Processing System so the data remains in a isolated condition. Write down the necessary steps to secure a data into a database. What do you mean by redundant data? Data Redundancy means duplication of data. A same data may be present more than onces leading to data inconsistency. Write down the applications of Database Management System. There are many applications of Database Management System , some of them are explained below: Railway: for making the railway enquiry and reservation system to work properly there is a needed of implementing DBMS as all the data has to be stored in a centralized location and the data is then used by every railway stations throughout the country. Banking: As now a days there are many branches of a bank there has to be a DBMS to track and record the transactions of every customers. This will have not been possible if File Management System were used. Schools/Colleges and Universities: To store the records of students like their name, roll number, address, contact number, marks obtained, etc a DBMS is used so that the database can be updated easily. Business and Offices: To store the companyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s sales, profit , etc and its record of employees a sophisticated DBMS is used. Who are the End Users? How many types of End Users are there in DBMS? End User: The one who uses the database, it may be that he/she only views the database or it may be that he/she makes the data entries. Make queries, etc There may be different types of end user, for example : Sophisticated: these are the users who has a good knowledge in database and can make queries, with SQL manipulate data with DML (Data Manipulating Language) Specialized: who makes application programs that interacts with the database Native: only interacts with the database via some sophisticated programs

The Crucible :: English Literature

The Crucible Explore how Miller dramatises the conflicts within John Proctor and presents him as a good man, despite his failings. How does Miller make him dramatically effective for an audience? Refer to Act two and Act four. Miller's purpose through writing 'The Crucible' was to express his own views on what was happening in America at the time in 1953 - McCarthyism, a period of intense anticommunism. Miller uses the character of John Proctor to put across his views. He is interested in the character who does not allow himself to be caught up in hysteria, but thinks for himself and stands up for his values. Miller wants to teach us, his audience, about social awareness with deep insights into personal weaknesses through his characters. Miller also wants to teach us the important moral lessons about human nature of the notion of goodness. Miller's play deals with difficult and controversial issues making the audience think about the pleasant and unpleasant experiences of humans and relating them to today's modern world. When writing 'The Crucible' Miller was influenced partly by witchcraft. For many hundreds of years there was a belief in witchcraft throughout Europe. This belief in witchcraft persisted among the English colonists in America. In 1692 there was an outbreak of accusations of witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts, which lead to twenty innocent people executed. In the play John Proctor was one of the twenty innocent people executed. Of those women accused many were old women with knowledge of herbal medicine or other folk remedies, an example of a character with this description would be Rebecca Nurse, who was hanged with John Proctor in the dramatic last scene. The English colonists were Puritans and they felt surrounded by ungodly people and associated the forest with savages and evil. Miller uses this belief in the play at the beginning, when Betty, Abigail and ten or twelve other girls were seen dancing in the forest; this event was greatly frowned upon in the village and led to many accusations. Miller also links his characters to the Salem witchcrafts as during the witchcrafts one man was pressed to death by stones; this links to the character Giles Corey. This trumped-up witch hysteria in Salem, Massachusetts deteriorated the rational and emotional stability of its citizens. This exploited the population's weakest qualities, and insecurities. The obvious breakdown in Salem's social order led to this tragedy. McCarthyism also influenced Miller when writing 'The Crucible'. In the early 1950s Joseph McCarthy, a senator, exploited his fear of communism and managed to create a national campaign against Communists, ex-Communists and anyone associated with them. The play was produced when McCarthy's anti-Communist campaign was at its height

Reconstructing My Father Essay -- Personal Narrative, essay about myse

Reconstructing My Father Most of the memories I have of my father are bad. He was a withdrawn binge alcoholic, sometimes given to violent episodes in which he physically assaulted my mother. He never took us anywhere, and he rarely spoke to us, although sometimes, late at night, he would play cards with me or we would watch an old movie together. He loved Barbara Stanwyck. When I was a small child, Eddie (his actual name, though his relatives called him "Lec") did help me with my school projects. A knowledgeable outdoorsman, he taught me the names of all of the trees, took me fishing in a boat he built himself, and showed me how to till the worm bed in the back yard. But as I grew older, my needs changed. If my car broke down, I needed a ride. If there was a special trip or project at school, I needed money. He not only refused to help me with these things, but he refused belligerently, which led to more fights with my mother. My father's past was somewhat of a mystery. I knew he'd grown up in northwest Louisiana, that he had a brother who had died and two sisters, and that he had served in the Army during World War II. His father died before I was old enough to meet him, possibly before I was born, and his mother, who lived with us for a brief period, was a bloodless, stone-faced woman who was frightening in her lack of warmth. I saw one of my aunts only once or twice, and the other one was so grim that I preferred to avoid her. When I was twenty-four, an aneurysm burst in Eddie's brain; he was in a coma for three days, and then he died. He was sixty-two, and at the time of his death, had more physical strength than some men half his age. I have often wanted to fill in ... ...ngineers to have the railroad leading from St. Lo into Le Mans and Laval, ready to receive ammunition trains -- on August 15. The men had to rebuild seven railway bridges, repair and lay new main lines in three marshalling yards, lay miles of track, and provide service and water facilities along the lines. They did it. "The engineers can go under, over or through anything, or get it out of the way," the pamphlet states. That is a phrase that certainly suits my father, a tough, stubborn man who could build and who could destroy. I wish he were alive because there are a lot of things I would like to tell him, and even more that I would like to ask him. But at least now I have a better idea not only of who he was, but who he might have been. The Eddie who has emerged since my mother's death four years ago is still a shadow, but I can at least see his outline.

Curley’s Wifes’ Desires of Mice and Men

Curley’s wife How does Steinbeck present Curley’s wife’s’ desires in the book ‘Of Mice and Men’? John Steinbeck’s novella, ‘Of Mice and Men’ depicts the struggle of two wayward men during the Great Depression of the 1930’s. Although a variety of characters in the story are presented as the out casts of society, Curley’s wife is perhaps the character in which readers feel most sympathetic towards. Essentially, Curley’s wife represents the image of all women in the society in which Steinbeck lived.Society in the 1930’s discriminated heavily against women; they were essentially objects, whose sole purpose in life was to serve their husbands, objects that were to be simply seen, and not heard. Steinbeck presents the female genders lack of identity and individuality in 1930’s society by deliberately not naming Curley’s wife. Her missing a name emphasizes her second-class citizenship. The woman has no name because she is just an object, the â€Å"property† of someone else.Curley’s wife is deemed unimportant, victimized as a direct result of her gender, the majority of male characters in the novel have names, even Crooks; the stable buck, who because of his race is probably viewed as being beneath Curley’s wife in terms of society’s classification. Curley's wife can only be seen in reference to her husband, who (supposedly) owns and controls her body, and by extension, her. Curley’s wife desires attention above all other dreams. As the only female on the ranch, she has no one she could relate to and is presented by Steinbeck to be incredibly isolated and shrouded in feelings of loneliness.She appears to present a facade on the ranch, burying her isolation with boldness and femininity ‘ She had full, rouged lips and wide spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausag es’. She continuously uses the excuse of looking for Curley as a means of extracting some sort of communication with others on the ranch ‘I’m looking for Curley’. ‘He was in here a minute ago, but he went’. ‘Oh! ’. She put her hands behind her back and leaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward’.Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife in a flirtatious manner in order to highlight her loneliness and isolation on the ranch. She often feels depressed and doesn’t understand why the ranch workers are afraid to communicate with her ‘What's the matter with me? Ain't I got a right to talk to nobody? ’. As a result of her loneliness, she often uses her body and circumstance as the only woman on an all male ranch to extract conversation from individuals. Steinbeck presents her flirtatiousness by displaying Curley’s wife’s liking of the colour red ; red as a colour connotates em otions of passion, desire and love.Curley’s wife is a temptress who leads men into trouble. She represents sexuality and danger. This has led to some commentators who see ‘Of Mice and Men’ as being a biblical allegory to describe Curley’s wife as an Eve figure. Curley’s wife’s isolation also leads her to desire power. Her position in society as a woman virtually denies her of any power, however she chooses to use her position as the wife of the boss’ son to exert what little authority she can muster onto individuals who she believes are beneath her in society’s classifications.Curley’s wife uses her miniscule quantity of authority to insult and manipulate those beneath her ‘I could get you strung up in a tree so easy it ain't even funny. ’ Wants freedom, is suffocated ; pathetic fallacy, when she dies, weather is hot and stifling because that is how she feels on the ranch.. suffocated Alongside Curley’ s wife’s desire for attention, I believe she also seeks freedom. As the only female living on the ranch, she has no one she can talk or relate to, she is Curley’s wife but feels that she cannot relate to him.Curley’s wife admits herself that she has no one to talk to, it appears to the reader that Curley himself observes his wife as more an object to flaunt, rather than a partner who he supposedly loves. She may potentially be jealous of the women that work in the cathouses as they seem to gain more attention I believe she feels, as Curley’ s wife, she is obligated to present a show to the other men living on the ranch, as she is Curley’s prized possession, and he seems to want to flaunt her ‘Well, I tell ya what – Curley says he's keepin' that hand soft for his wife. ’